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This guy has gone to the zoo and interviewed all the animals. The tiger says that the secret to success is to live alone, be well disguised, have sharp claws and know how to stalk. The snail says that the secret is to live inside a solid shell, stay small, hide under dead trees and move slowly around at night. The parrot says that success lies in eating fruit, being alert, packing light, moving fast by air when necessary, and always sticking by your friends.

His conclusion: These animals are giving contradictory advice! And that's because they're all "outliers".

But both of these points are subtly misleading. Yes, the advice is contradictory, but that's only a problem if you imagine that the animal kingdom is like a giant arena in which all the world's animals battle for the Animal Best Practices championship [1], after which all the losing animals will go extinct and the entire world will adopt the winning ways of the One True Best Animal. But, in fact, there are a hell of a lot of different ways to be a successful animal, and they coexist nicely. Indeed, they form an ecosystem in which all animals require other, much different animals to exist.

And it's insane to regard the tiger and the parrot and the snail as "outliers". Sure, they're unique, just as snowflakes are unique. But, in fact, there are a lot of different kinds of cats and birds and mollusks, not just these three. Indeed, there are creatures that employ some cat strategies and some bird strategies (lions: be a sharp-eyed predator with claws, but live in communal packs). The only way to argue that tigers and parrots and snails are "outliers" is to ignore the existence of all the other creatures in the world, the ones that bridge the gaps in animal-design space and that ultimately relate every known animal to every other known animal.

So, yes, it's insane to try to follow all the advice on the Internet simultaneously. But that doesn't mean it's insane to listen to 37signals advice, or Godin's advice, or some other company's advice. You just have to figure out which part of the animal kingdom you're in, and seek out the best practices which apply to creatures like you. If you want to be a stalker, you could do worse than to ask the tiger for some advice.

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[1] The ants are gonna win. Hölldobler and Wilson told me so.


At a well-managed company that's growing properly, such as Apple was from 1998-2012, this effect is employed in a way that compensates engineers very well via the gains in stock price.

If you're a great engineer, it behooves you to see yourself as an investor in the company you end up choosing to work for.

This means learning about things like the disruptive growth era we're in, how monetary policy affects growth, etc. You should know what an inverted yield curve is, and where to look to keep up with those charts (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/T10Y2Y).

It's important to read Clayton Christensen "The Innovator's Dilemma". I also highly recommend reading ARK Invest's research reports. They cost nothing but an email address, and I have found these all to be enormously valuable in my own research on this. If you just want to sit and watch some stuff on YouTube that can help, give "Chicken Genius Singapore", "Dave Lee on Investing", and "Solving the Money Problem" a whirl.

Great management is incredibly rare. But it's on you to learn how to identify it. If you want to be paid the most, you have to know more than just the field you specialize in! There is little value in putting your head in the sand.


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