I am colour blind myself (Deuteranopia) and it mostly affect me when I have to digest charts and diagrams using colours I can't distinguish.
Also, I tend to see how people use emerald green and fire red to signal OK/KO which are two colours I really confuse. This is the case of all the alerts being fired, in general.
I use IntelliJ for my IDE, which has a color blind mode plugin. Before I discovered this, there were shades of orange and red that made some of the syntax highlighting useless.
My company uses Bitbucket, and the red/green colors they use for "lines added" and "lines removed" in code reviews are really hard to see. I usually have to use the side-by-side diff instead of the unified diff. Example here [1].
Otherwise, there's no real impact IMO. If I'm working on front-end stuff, I just use the hex codes that the designers tell me to use. If I'm working with a designer that is particularly interested in accessibility, they'll often ask me "hey can you see the colors on this layout?".
[1] https://bitbucket.org/product/features/code-review