There's a really nice solution that works well in Switzerland - you either pay tax from the actual rent or a tax on a virtual rent, if the property stays unoccupied.
1% is insanely dysfunctionaly low. It doesn’t allow for units to stay vacant between tenants for repairs and cleaning. At 1% the unit is vacant for 3 days every year on average. That’s not enough time for basic things to be done and indicates an incredibly tight rental market
> It doesn’t allow for units to stay vacant between tenants for repairs and cleaning.
Cleaning is done by the previous tenant, or usually by a company the hire. Repairs are done on an on-going basis.
Vacant properties are around 1% here.