It’s actually pretty simple. Despite what you’re calling unhealthy foods (I’d argue kimchi has health benefits from the fermentation), they have a lower overall caloric intake and societal pressure to conform to a thin appearance. If you want to be skinny eat less calories. If you want to be healthy, eat highly nutritious foods and the right amount of calories for your lifestyle.

I don't think a large proportion of thin people are thin because of societal pressure. And conversely I don't think societal pressure makes many people thin, because I hear so much complaints about body shaming and unrealistic beauty expectations and discrimination against obesity etc, so it clearly isn't working any miracles.

I think most people who are thin just have a food intake regulation that is pretty well balanced so they don't over eat because they don't feel that hungry when they have had enough calories.

The reason why some groups of people have been increasingly prone to obesity is external factors interfering with that regulation. It's probably lots of things, food availability, ingredients, cost, culture, other mental health issues, medications, entertainment, work, availability of cars. One thing it is not is simple.

The calories in vs calories out mechanic is simple, the reasons why that's going out of kilter is not.

Asians dont consume the same amounts of sugars. its that simple. they also tend to exercise more.

Rice syrup + corn syrup are used in pretty much every savory dish, subway stations often have a bakery that sells sweet pastries (filled with bean paste), Starbucks style coffee drinks are also popular, people snack dried octopus (loaded with salt + sugar)...

I loved the food, but it was not at all what anyone would consider healthy.

(Instant Ramen are also extremely popular, industrially produced fried noodles with way too much saturated fats + sodium)

It's total calories, not just calories from sugar. And I already said that part of it was simple, remember? It's in the post you're replying to!

The question is why they have better balanced calorie intake. It's certainly not lack of sugar availability.

I am not sure there is a strong societal pressure to be thin. Last several years, sure. But older generations, nor so much (see deities in any buddist temple). And there was enough time after food became abundant for the older generations health to tank if that diet was very bad for them. My 2c.

Koreans intensely shame each other about gaining weight, which helps people control calories in and calories out. East asians eat very little food. Tik Tok is full of videos of Chinese making fun of Japanese for their “sad, tiny lunches.”

A few things come to mind. First, South Korea has low obesity on the global scale (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) but within the country [1] they use an "Asia-Pacific" scale for the definition which starts at BMI of 25. [2] So, from the Korean perspective, they have substantial obesity.

Second, I do not know whether there are some Korean diets that are more correlated with obesity. In Thailand, people eat much the same, and they are more often obese on the global scale. Less kimchi, though, and probably more coconut milk and sugar.

Simple diet composition is probably not the main factor in obesity. I do notice that "normal" portion sizes are pretty small in Korea, based on what I see in their media. Even feasts are shown to have reasonable portion sizes. In the US, portion sizes tend to maximally fill the stomach, and have grown considerably over the years.

Highly processed foods are generally designed to add addictive properties and cause overconsumption. I am not sure that's the goal of the Korean dishes you have tried. If we understand what the new weight loss drugs are telling us, we can see that increasing satiety faster with fewer calories should be the goal of our foods. (no citation, just my interpretation of what's going on).

1. https://general.kosso.or.kr/html/user/core/view/reaction/mai... 2. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/373

The quantities of those ingredients are what matters most.

Every meal must contain more empty calories than everything else combined, but not in an excessive amount.

I do not know about Korea, but I have been in Japan, where also every meal is served with excellent white rice. However, there was never too much of it and in general the quantities of all ingredients were right for a balanced diet, much more so than I have seen in most other countries.

I have read somewhere (on HN?) a hypothesis that such traditional diets pretty quickly wipe out genetic lines predisposed to diabetes, etc. And that the effect is not diet, it is genetics+diet.

Not sure if there is any truth in that.