yes, you can export keys using this method, and they will be simlarly secure as password encrypted keys you generate without the secure enclave with openssh, but with the convenience that you can decrypt the key using TouchID on macOS.

Such a setup is marginally more secure than just typing in the passwords, since it is much harder to intercept the TouchID chain from touch to decrypting the SSH key compared to your keyboard to the terminal.

All that said, here are the priorities of a few security technologies:

TouchID:

  #1 environment integrity, that is to say, to protect Apple services monopolies and fees such as eliminating password sharing of services accounts, #2 convenience as an alternative to passwords reducing friction when you buy stuff, #3 security.

1password:

  #1 convenience, #2 security

I cannot tell you really what is "#1" in security among packaged ready to buy commercial products, Everyone, practically, makes affordances for convenience ahead of security. I suppose there isn't really a great product for normal people that puts security first. Of course, there are an ad hoc collection of practices that amount to, #1 security. But a product? No. Even Apple Lockdown mode... well, they can still just push an update that makes it pretend it is enabled when it is not, so...