For instance, I have a friend with a phd in designing medical experiments. Someone from the biosciences field will come to him and ask for how exactly his experiment needs to be set up to make valid conclusions.

One of the guys I met on HN got into marine telecoms. Something about the necessity of compressing data back before it became ubiquitous.

I work in quant trading stuff, where we try to use stats to decide what to buy and sell.